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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (Nov. 20, 1901)
8 THE MORNING OKEGONIAN, WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 20, 1901. & V8g&xatxxii J Entered at the Postomce.nt Portland. Oregon, ax seaond-class matter. ItEYIRED SUBSCRIPTION RATES. By 3111 (portage prepaid). In Advance Sally, with Sunday, per month 5 S3 Dally, Sunday excepted, per year 7 CO Dally, with Sunday, per year JJ'JJO Sunday, per year 2 22 The Weekly per year 1 &0. The "Weekly, 3 month M To City Subscribers , .. Dally, per week, delivered. Sundays excepted.I&o Dally, per week, delivered. Sundays lncluded.20c POSTAGE KATES. United States Canada and Mexico: 10 to 14-page paper Jc 14 to 28-page paper... .-a Foreign rates double. News or discussion intended fcr publication tn The Oregonlan should be addressed Invaria bly "Editor The Oregonlan." not to the name of any Individual. Letters relating to adver tising, subscription or to any business matter should be addressed elmply "The Oregonlan." The Orcgenlan does not buy poems or stories from Individuals, and cannot undertake to re turn any manuscript sent to It wllhout solici tation. No stamps should oe Inclosed for this purpose. Eastern Business Offlce, 43, 44. 45, 47, 48. 40 Tribune building. New York City. 4C0 "The Rookery." Chicago; the S. C. Beckwlth special agency. Eastern representative. Far sale In San Francisco by L. E. Iee, Pal ace Hotel news stand: Goldsmith Bros.. 236 Sutter street; P. "V. Pitts. 1003 Market street; J. K. Cooper Co., 740 Market street, pear the Palace Hotel:, Foster & Orear. Ferry news stand. For sale In Los Anselcs by B. F. Gardner, 259 So. Spring street, and Oliver & Haines. 100 6a Spring street. For sale In Chicago by the P. O. News Co., 217 Dearborn street. For sale in Omaha by Barkalow Bros., 1012 Farnam street. For sale in Salt Lake by the Salt Lake News Co., 77 W. 5oond South street. For sale In Ogden by W. C. Kind. 204 Twenty-fifth street, and by C H. Myers. On file In the Oregon exhibit at the exposi tion. Charleston, S. C For sale In Washington. D. C by the Ebbett House news stand. For sale In Denver, Colo, by Hamilton & Kendrlck. 006-012 Seventh street. TODAY'S WEATHER Occasional rain; brisk gusty southeast to south "winds. YESTERDAY'S WEATHER Maximum tem perature, 50; minimum temperature, 45; pre cipitation, 0.21 inch. PORTLAND, WEDNESDAY, NOV. 20. COURTS AND LEGISLATURES. At a dinner on last Saturday night Judge Bellinger, not having the fear of Pennoyer vs. Neff before his eyes, said the judiciary might pass upon the con stitutionality of legislative acts, and If It should find them unconstitutional, it had power to declare them null and void. A somewhat' irregular though very frequent contributor to The Ore gonlan our old friend X," takes Judge Bellinger to task for this state ment. But our courts are doing this all the time, and they have been doing it a long time. Since this Is a matter of public and historical Interest, The Ore gonian trusts it will not be regarded as a, meddler in strife not belonging to it, If it offers a few remarks. At the outset The Orpgonlan begs leave to say, plainly, that It is a princi ple established in American constitu tional law that the acts of the Legis lature, if unconstitutional, may be de clared null and void by the judiciary. It may not be so declared, specifically, anywhere in constitutions, but it is as sumed as a principle, and it has been followed in our courts, and accepted by the people and the Legislatures, from early times. The germ of the principle, thus estab lished In American constitutional law, is found in the English law. For it is shown by our writers that the judiciary is an offshoot from the executive, and that It has developed slowly in English history from absolute dependence to comparative independence. From early times it was claimed in England that a legislative act, being the joint act of the crown, lords and commons, was a sovereign act, and beyond control. This Is the theory in England to this day; but great lawyers and Judges gradu ally set limitations upon the practice of it, and the contests maintained by them with the crown and with the Leg islature under the influence of the crown, form many of the brightest chnntprp In "RnirHsh hlstnrv. Coke. In the early part of the seventeenth cen-4 tury, asserted that "the common law doth control acts of Parliament, and adjudge them, when against the com mon right, to be void." The struggle of the people, seeking in the courts a remedy for wrongs committed by min isters of the crown, even under sanc tions or pretended sanctions of law, was long and bitter; but the people finally worked out their freedom from acts of arbitrary power, though it was supported ofttimes by legislation. The American colonists received their legal system from the mother country, and adapted it to their uses in their new situations. Very early they began to set a still more positive check upon legislative acts than hitherto had been established in England. They were fa miliar with the constitutional system of the mother country and with the history of the long years of struggle and con flict out of which it had been evolved. Jn the new governments there was es tablished the same general division of powers into executive, legislative and judicial, with the addition of a 'system of checks and balances which experi ence with arbitrary power had shown to be necessary. The absolute author ity of Parliament as sovereign, over which there had been so much conten tion In England, was now transferred to the people. A step In advance was taken, and a new and original idea in political science was Introduced and ap plied. The judiciary was madeex! pressly a co-ordinate department of g$- ernment, with the executive arid, the- legislative; these departments were to possess delegated powers, which were to be exercised in conformity with the will of the sovereign the people; and as the Judiciary was thus raised to a co ordinate department of government, the application of the principles of the com mon law secured to It a positive dig nity which, though recognized to an extent In England, had never been so broadly asserted there. In America the Interpretation of the law, and especially of the supreme law, being a judicial act, was assigned to the Judiciary. The doctrine was the inevitable product of a natural process of political evolution. Its foundations were in the English sys tem, but our application of it is the outgrowth of written constitutions and a Federal system of government. Thus, at the time of the formation of the Federal Constitution a mighty force had passed already into the hands of the hitherto subordinate power. It was one" of the principles of the Revolution that an act of Parliament against the charters or constitutions of the colonies was null and void. John Adams wrote to Justice Cushing, of Massachusetts: "You have my hearty concurrence in telling the jury the nullity of acts of Parliament." This was the prevailing opinion- throughout the colonies. The TMvmiiitlon would have been Impossible without It. "When the colonies, before they were called states, came to the formation of constitutions for them selves. It was inevitable, under this principle, that the duty of construing and protecting the new constitutions should fall to the courts. Long before the formation of the Federal Constitu tion the courts of the several colonies', or states, asserted and exercised this power, and when the Federal Constitu tion was adopted It had become a recog nized and established part of the sys tem. The courts of many, perhaps all, of the colonies, or states, had been ac customed to pass upon acts of the co lonial Legislatures, in many instances declaring them void, as in contraven tion of fundamental law, common right or Magna Charta; and the judiciary established under the Federal Constitu tion succeeded, as of course, within the sphere of this Constitution, to the anal ogous powers exercised by the local ju diciary within the states. When the subject of the powers of the judiciary was debated in the conven tion it wag observed that the courts of the states already had control over the laws, through the power of declaring them unconstitutional. Madison said, distinctly, that the courts of the new Federal Government would possess this power, and many of the leading dele gates acquiesced in this opinion or dec laration. Patrick Henry, though oppos ing the Constitution in the Virginia convention, believed that the Judges should decide upon the constitutionality of the laws, and regretted that the power was not expressly given. It ex isted, he said, in Virginia, and the grant ought to have been expressly asserted in the Federal Constitution. It had not, however, been deemed necessary; since it had been generally accepted by the delegates that the Federal judiciary would have this power; and in the dis cussions of the Federalist it was taken for granted. At an early day, under the Constitution, the question was moot ed, though It was not pressed to an ex press decision till 1803. But in the year 1798 Justice Iredell said: "If a legis lative act impugns a constitutional principle, the former must give way. . . . It will be the duty of the court Pto adhere to the Constitution and to declare the act null and void." In the year 1800 Justice Chase said: "It is the general opinion, it is expressly admit ted by all this bar, and some of the Judges individually .in their circuits have decided, that the Supreme Court can declare an act of Congress to be unconstitutional and therefore invalid; but there is no adjudication of the Su preme Court itself upon the point." But it did not wait longfor In the year 1803 Marshall laid down the principle, in Marbury vs. Madison, that a legis lative act contrary to the Constitution is not law, and that the judiciary has power so to declare. This principle has since been followed in the Federal Gov ernment and in all the states. But it is a well-established rule that the question of constitutionality will not be decided unless It is necessary to the determination of the action. On this point the Supreme Court of Indi ana has said: "While the courts can not shun the discussion of constitu tional questions, when fairly presented, they will not go out of their way to find such topics." "We are not at liberty," said Chief Justice Chase, "to inquire into the motives of the Legis lature. We can only examine Its power under the Constitution." , This sound principle Is consistently foilowed by the courts, which discuss constitutional questions only when the case before them requires it. They will not seek to ,draw In such matters collaterally, nor on trivial occasions. This subject is one that would require a volume for full historical treatment. Yet, though The Oregonlan is very par tial towards its old contributor, "X," it seems to it, from what it has already presented, that Judge Bellinger has grounds for the statement excepted to in his post-prandial remarks. PORTLAND IS INTERESTED. The Federal Government is spending about $1500 a month, or $18,000 a year, to improve the Columbia River between Portland and the sea. The City of Port land has spent oer $800,000 for that purpose in the past ten years. This year the outlay for the purpose is $70, 000, Next year it will be more. The money Is cheerfully expended, and more will be expended as the demands of the city's growing commerce increases. This ought to dispose of the idea that the Government's heavy undertakings between Portland and the sea stand In the way of appropriations for opening the Upper Columbia. In 1895 a large delegation of Portland business men went up to Salem to ask a favor of the Legislature. No other such body of men, represent ing every important Industry of the city, has gone to the Legislature, or anywhere else, before or since. They filled up Representative Hall and their spokesmen addressed the members. The object of that errand, for which busy men left their business and hired a train, was to urge upon the Legislature the passage of Representative Boothby's bill appropriating $165,000 for a portage railroad around the obstructions be tween The Dalles and Oelilo. For this appropriation Portland's taxpayers, headed by Hon. H. W. Corbett, perhaps the heaviest taxpayer of them all, asked, and would gladly have paid their share. For a similar enterprise Presi dent Hahn, of the Portland Chamber of Commerce, asks in his open letter print ed in Monday's issue of The Oregonlan. This ought to dispose of the Idea that Portland is Indifferent to the opening of the Upper Columbia. f Increasing size of ships, the increas ing commerce of the Columbia, ana the sharp competition that has sprung up between the Columbia River route and Puget Sound for the trade of the Inland Empire, have conspired to make it very clear to Portland what her needs are' In the way of waterway improvement. The most pressing of these needs is a deep entrance at the Columbia's mouth. Unless this is provided, we shall all be sewed up together Astoria, Portland, Eastern Oregon, Eastern Washington and Idaho and left at the nfercy of the railroads. The next most pressing need, is the opening of the Upper Co lumbia. Unless this is done, the pres ent high rates between Portland and Eastern Oregon and Washington will doubtless continue, except as a la"St re sort appeal Is had to the dangerous resource of state legislation. .It Is true that if these rates are forced down the Puget Sound roads will have to make the Bame rates on grain that are made by the Oregon lines; but the rich In land Empire will be benefited, wllf de velop apace, with resultant profit to "Portland, and in the long run the ad vantage of the gravity route must as sert itself. It misrht brine the Northern Pacific and Grat Northern roads' down the Columbia River to Portland. The deepening of the channel between Portland and the sea is a minor matter. It is a small matter. A very light millage tax on Portland property will raise enough to do the work, which Is an affair of limited dredging,, until the Government gets ready, If it ever does, to put in jetties that will enable the river to scour its own path. There are only three or four shoal places between Portland and Astoria. Most of the way the Columbia Is a deep stream of 60 to 100 feet of water. The shoal places are easily dredged, and Portland will cheer fully look after them If the Government can only be induced to improve the mouth and remove the upper obstruc tions. It is the business of the General Government to do this work between Portland to the sea, and the Govern ment's continuance in it will be ex pected and insisted en; but its most im portant and necessary duty Is the river's mouth and upper stretches. The fact is that Portland has always been active for improvement of the Upper Columbia, but has had hard work to enlist Interest In Eastern Ore gon, Washington and Idaho. This has at last been aroused, largely owing to the energy and sagacity of Mr. Libbey, of Lewis ton. WHITES IN THE TROPICS. , It is sufficiently understood that the Philippines will be profitless to us be cause white men cannot live In the tropics. It is simultaneously understood that nothing but Senator Hoar's amend ment to the Spooner bill keeps Ameri cans from flocking In droves to the archipelago, developing its mines, saw "injr its forests into merchantable tim ber, spanning its fields with railroads and Its streams with bridges, trans forming its cities with street-cars, sew ers, steel architecture and electricity. Your true antl has no more difficulty in embracing these two antagonistic propositions at the same time than he had in glorying In the noble Filipinos, so eminently fit for self-government, the while he shuddered at the incor poration of these same savages in our American empire. An acute observer, trained student of economics and affairs, and of un clouded veracity, has just returned from the Philippines, and says that proper legislation Is the only thing that stands In the way of rapid and profitable de velopment of the islands. .He says: There aro a number of very Important .meas ures which would promote American trade and the development ot the resources ot the Islands besides the purely political measures which re late to the form of government. There Is a very strong desire to have Congress authorize American banks to" establish branches, with power to extend aid to business and American Investment enterprises In the most liberal man ner. A definite mining law Is being awaited with great eagerness by American capitalists, who have already found the Islands rich In gold, copper and Iron. A land law and a for estry law aro also needed. Almost nothing can be done for the development of the Islands until Congress repeals or modifies the pro vision of the Army appropriation bill passed by the last Congress, forbidding the granting of franchises for a longer term than one year. When Congress authorizes tho granting of franchises under any reasonable restrictions, there will be a great influx of American capital and enterprise. "White men cannot live in the trop ics." But they do live in the tropics, and they are anxious to live In them. There Is not a tropical country on the face of? the globe In which Northern nations are not active In opening up natural re"s6urces and, establishing the conveniences of civilization. They are felling African forests, 'navigating the Niger and the Congo, building sewers and bridges in Porto Rico, installing sugar machinery in Cuba, raising cot ton in India, tea in Ceylon, pineapples In Singapore, hemp In Luzon. Some die of the climate, but others take their place, and men die of the climate all Summer and Winter in the United States. The terrors of the tropical climate have been largely banished. Yellow fever has been conquered. Man has learned to change his dress and diet to adapt himself to his tropical habitat. The tropics, apparently, were the orig inal abode of the .race, and in returning there we are but immigrants going home. The Idle life of European diplo mats, eating and drinking heavily, as similating the vices but not the virtues of Oriental and Latin, affords no guide to the condition of the active, temper ate American mechanic, manufacturer or trader, living in the tropics in ways suited to the tropics. Liberal laws for Industry and trade will send Ameri cans flocking to the Philippines more enthusiastically and numerously than British ever went to India or Africa, Germans to Brazil or Dutch to Su matra. If the tropics are ever to be rescued from idleness and waste, white men must do it. The natives cannot. And white men will. WHO SHOULD FIX, TARIFFS f Who is to say what American indus tries shall lose a certain percentage of their present protection, in order that certain other American industries, also given protection but not needing It, may extend their sales abroad? There Is the reciprocity convention, now In session. Its members would like to decide. Mr. f Deerlng, for example, who enjoys a pro tection of 20 per cent ad valorem on his plows, which he has no idea of relinquishing, would cheerfully sacrifice knit goods, for example, -to the extent of 20 per cent reduction, in order that he may sell more plows abroad. That Is the proposal of the French recipro city treaty. Then there is Mr. Kasson, good man enough, doubtless, who thinks that he should do the selecting of the lambs for sacrifice, by and with the advice of the Senate, after collaboration with one Jules Cambon, for example, of France. Mr. Kasson has spent a good deal of time on reciprocity, and when he makes up "his mind on a pbint he thinks he has struck twelve. If the Senate doesn't approve, so much the worse for the Senate. It mustn't presume to mu tilate his work. He will resign first. The tariff, therefore, is not framed by Congress, after all, but "negotiated," the parties to that negotiation being Minister Cambon, Minister Kasson, the President and incidentally the Senate. This is facile, but Is it business? ' "We respectfully represent to Mr. Deering's convention and Mr. Kasson's diplomacy that the proper place for revision of our tariff rates Is on the floor of the Congress of the United States, and especially in the popular I branch, where the Constitution re quires all measures for raisins rev enue to originate. The treaty with France is negotiated under that sec tion of tle Dlngley law which provides that upon ratification of such treaties In the Senate the tariff rates so negoti ated shall supersede the Dingley sched ules, and the President transmitted the treaty to the Senate alone. It Is possl hlo tha TTrmcft mav hava cnmethlntr tn say In the matter indirectly, but its part at best can be far short of the work allotted to it in the enactment of tariff laws. The State of Nevada, without Imports or exports, has as much voice in enactment of reciprocity tariffs as the great State of New York, with thirty-four Representatives to Ne vada's one. The Rev. Dr. Funk, leader bf the ex treme temperance or prohibition move- Lment, and founder ot the Voice, its newspaper organ, proposes for enact ment In New York City what .he calls "ward local oDtlon." His plan is to al low each ward to decide for Itself by vote at regular or special election, first, whether liquor licenses shall be granted within its limits, and, secondly, whether the licensed saloons shall be permitted to open between the hours of 2 P. M. and 10 . M. of Sunday. This plan is alsd advocated by State Senator Davis, of Buffalo, N. Y. Dr. Funk believea no fair-minded liquor dealer can rea sonably oppose It, and that It ought to command the support of thoee who be lieve In home rule. The opening of sa loons on Sunday under restrictions as to hours has for some years been advo cated by Rev. Dr. Ralnsford, of the Episcopal Church, and Bishop Potter is reported also to favor It Monslgnore Doane, of Newark, N. J., an eminent Roman Catholic clergyman, writes the New York Tribune that he Is glad to hear that a little common sense is to be applied to the question of selling drink on Sunday, and further says: I have always thought thAt the rule that ob tained In Rome 60 years ago, when. I wan a student there, when the Pope was King, not only In name, but In fact; was the wise and true ohe. All Places of. refreshment were bound to close their doors during tho hours or the parochial mass and vespers; the rest ot Iho day they were open. As It Is now, tho side doors are open all day long, and the abuse is far greater than it would be If the front doors were open under proper restrictions and ob serration. : t Oregon will never develop Into an active competitor with Kansas or some of the other states in the corn belt as a producer of maize, but she is this year adding to her reputation for diversified farming by turning oft some very fine yields of corn. There Is a large con sumption of corn In the Paclfio North west, the Imports In the various forms in which it is received here amounting to several trainloads per year. These Imports are very expensive for Oregon and Washington, for we are not only forced to pay the grower's price In the East, but the freight for the long haul across the continent. All over the Northwest there are favored patches where the sun strikes early and lingers late, giving the corn plenty of time to reach maturity. Some of these favored localities are this year reporting good sized fields, running forty bushels to the acre. As the output is inadequate to the demand, the price is now regulated by the price of the Eastern corn, and growers aro netting 50 cents per bushel on the farm. If the Industry should at tain greater Importance, however, there would still be an advantage until the limit of home consumption was reached, as the Oregon grower would secure an advance over the Eastern grower equal to the freight charges to the Pacific Coast markets. A Prussian named Mujler, a dis charged convict, recently shot dead at Riva, an Italian town near Lake Garda, a German City Judge, who was a per fect stranger "to his assassin. Muller was arrested, and said that he came from Insterburg, in Prussia, where he had been sent to jail for theft. After his discharge he found that' he had fallen In the esteem of his townsmen, and that Insterburg was no place for him. He was unable to make his way in other places, and drifted to Riva, where, as his money was giving out, he decided to .kill himself and bought a revolver. He started on the Ponale road, in doubt whether to shoot him self or jump into the lake, when he met the unlucky Judge. The Judge looked so happy, so well pleased with himself and with life, that Muller fired at him Immediately "out of hatred of the world and mankind." This kind of an as sassin would have been easily moved to kill President McKinley, whose ordi nary expression was one of serenity and content. The grain and lumber fleet In this port and at the anchorage grounds be low Astoria numbers forty-two vessels, with a carrying capacity In excess of 100,00(T tons. Five ships carrying over 15,000 tons of cargo have sailed within the past forty-eight hours, and sixteen vessels with a carrying capacity of over 50,000 tons are now due at Portland to load wheat, flour, lumber and other Oregon products. The wheat exports alone of this port have averaged over 1,000,000 bushels per month for the past year, and for the next four months they will average 2,000,000 bushels per month. Lumber business by water Is growing at a rate never before ap proached. The shipping business for the port of Portland for the year now drawing to a close will break all previ ous records, and the business for 1902 will be much greater than that of 1901. The president of the California Jockey Club Is reported as preparing to send a number ot young colts and yearling thoroughbreds to Oregon to reach their maturity in the bunchgras's country. The climate of California may be all right for weak lungs, but when It comes to adding bone and sinew to race horses It is far outclassed by that of Oregon. The colts sent to this state will develop constitutions that will carry them through hard-fought races where horses developed In a less-favored country will falter and quit Oregon bUnchgrass is famous on the racetracks of the United States, and its good qualities, together with the excellent climatic conditions of the country, have been proven by some of the native as well as the naturalized trotters, pacers and runners that have won their owners fame and fortune. President Roosevelt recently named Robert H. Terrell, a colored man, for Justice of the Peace In the District of Columbia, who wa3 a graduate of Har vard and is principal of the colored High School of the District. The ap pointee was vouched for as a man of high attainments. In a city with so large a colored population as Washing ton the selection of the President was entirely fit: to be made. It is a life office and Terrell was not an applicant for the place. Joseph A. Craft, who has been ap pointed Collector of Internal Revenue to succeed Sapp, who resigned under charges of violating the civil service law, was formerly a Democrat, but left the party when It fejl Into the hands of William Goebel, and was one of the bitterest opponents of that leader in his race with Tavlor. I THE GREAT RAILROAD DEAL. Additional Particulars of the Union Pacific, Northern Pacific, Great Northern and Burlington Settlement. It is believed that the agreement reached at New York between the Union Pacific, Northern Pacific, Great Northern and Burlington Railroad interests -will re sult In unlocking the "tie-up" in certain matters on the Paclfio Slope and else where, as between these roads. It is felt that several important things which had been hefd back, through conflict of in terests, must have been arranged for, so they can move again. Within a short time those things may become clear. Of the arrangement between the roads a New York special to the Chicago Inter Ocean gives these particulars, which in some ways are more definite than those hither to published: Final ratification of the settlement will bring Into existence the greatest and most effective examplo of the community-of-lntcrest Idea as applied to the railroad systems of the country. The specific object of the Securities Com pany, with Its capital df $400,000,000, Is to ac quire all of the capital stock of the Northom Pacific and the Great. Northern railroads. The Northern Pacific shares will be turned over to the proprietary corporation at 115, which, for the $1C5,000,000 of Northern Pacific common stock that will be extant under the settlement plan, will bd equivalent to $178,250,000. The Great Northern stock will be turned In at 180, which for the $123,000,000 of stock is equivalent to $225,000,000. The aggregate of these two sums Is $403,250,000. Should all of the shares of both roads be transferred under this plan, tho capitalization of tho proprietary company will be Increased. There Is good authqrlty for the statement that a very large majority of the Great Northern, shares have been pledged. The Hantaan party Is particularly enthu siastic in expressing satisfaction. A member of this syndicate said: "Tho arrangement just completed amply pro tects the Union Pacific interests. The crtjx of tho matter was the control of the Burlington system. That matter has been settled Ih a manner that gives satisfaction to all parties concerned, and particularly to tho Union Pa cifier Company. I cannot tell you just how the control ot the' Burlington has been adjusted, but It Is a fact that the tJnlon Paclfio will have an adequate voice In tho 'management of that property." The Union Pacific Interests, which own. con siderably more than one-half of the Northern Pacific preferred stock, will receive cash for their share, and in addition. It Is said, a large cash bonus will be paid by the Morgan-Hill Interest to compensate the Union Pacific ror whatever losses If may have suffered by pur chasing Northern Pacific stock at fancy prices during tho competitive buying last May. The current report In Wall street was that this cash bonus amounted to $15,000,000. A representa tive of the Harrlman syndicate said that It was not necessary that the public should know the extent to which the Union Pacific interests had been compensated. The latter Interests were perfectly satisfied with wnat they have received. Although disposing of Its Northern Pacific preferred stock for cash, the Harrlman syn dicate will continue to be an Influential stock- holder In tho Northern Paclfio Company. This" syndicate is believed to own about $37,000,000 of the Northern Pacific common stock. This amount of common stock will entitle the hold ers to subsc-lbe for $34,685,000 of the new con vertible bonds, which when exchanged for an equal amount of new common stock will give the Union Pacific people $71,685,000 of the $158,000,000 of Northern Pacific stock. Inasmuch as the Northern Pacific stock goes into the new Northern Securities Company at 115, the Union Pacific holdings of Northern Pacific stock will give that interest, according to the figures quoted, $82,437,750 of the $400. 000,000 stock of the new proprietary company. A member ot tho Harrlman syndicate is au thority for the statement that a full one-quarter of the stock of tho new company will be held by 'Union Pacific Interests. While the outcome of this adjustment of the Northern Pacific-Burlington controversy Is sat isfactory to all of the parties concerned, It Is apparent that the Union Pacific party gets more than it originally asked for. After the purchase of the Burlington system by tho Northern Pacific and Great Northern railway companies, the Union Pacific people asked to bo allowed to take a third Interest in tho pur chase This request was refused and a vigor ous contest for control of Northern Pacific was begun. It was stated on eminent authority tonight that the Union Pacific will now exercise joint control of the Burlington with the Morgan-Hill Interests, either by means of a voting trust or by equal representation in the board of direc tors df the new Burlington company. Further more, the Union Pacific Interest will hold about one-fourth of the stock ot the new $100,000,000 corporation formed to control the Northern Pa cific and the Great Northern companies. One of the representatives of the Harrlman syndicate. In reviewing the situation, said: "Grea't Interests have been welded together in a masterly and beneficial way. Perhaps it Is fortunate in some respects that this contro versy arose, for results have been reached that might not have been reached had the matter been settled off-hand at the start. The issues Involved have been decided on a much more comprchenelvo scale than might -have been the case at the outset. A great railway problem has been adjusted In a broad-minded and business-like manner, and no trace df animosity re mains." The sto"k of the Northern Securities Com pany Is divided into 4.000.000 shares of a par value of $100 each. The Hudson Trust Com pany Is the New Jersey agent of the corpoa tton. the principal offices In the state being at 51 Newark street, HoboUcn. The state's fee of $S0,000 for filing tho charter, was paid by a check on J P. Morgan & Co. The capital will all be In common stock. The charter of the new company does, not refer to Its object In any way ?s being the operation of railroads, but deals at length with Its powers as controlling and holding the bonds, securities, or evidences of Indebtedness of other corporations. Russian "Wheat "Why Starvation T Leslie's Weekly. Americans have scarcely comprehended the purpose behind Russia's enormous ex penditures for its great transcontinental railroad through the Siberian plains and for railways and canals In all directions. In a suggestive report to the State De partment made by our Consul at Odessa, he points out that Russia Is the chief competitor of the United States In the grain markets of Europe. Four years ago Russia sold, to Germany 327,000,000 worth more of grain than did the United States. Last year the sales of Russia were only about $5,000,000 more than ours. Russia's new railroads and canals are rapidly opening the way for the cheap transportation of her crops toward the German frontier, where one of our best markets has been found. The vast area or arable land In Siberia opened by the new trans-Caspian route will make Russia a stronger competitor of the United States in the European grain markets than ever before. Some years ago our farming In terests believed that their chief competi tion was to come from the far-off wheat fields of India and Egypt, but the cost of transportation was too high to enable those countries to undersell us. With Russia the situation Is entirely different. Germany Is simply across her frontier, and France. Austria, and England are within easy reach. Do We FIsure on Profit and Loss? Hillsboro Argus. Portland should lose no time In getting Into shape for the Lewis and Clark Ex position. Why figure so extensively on profit and loss? Do the dear people of Oregon expect to make a fortune at once and secure a benefit that shall be lasting without the outlay of a few dollars? Future generations will enjoy the good to be extracted from the event, and Portland merchants will not wait long after the celebration closes until they will see their balance sheets to the better. I ' , Early Action Means Success. Toledo Leader. The Lewis and Clark Exposition to be held at Portland in 1905 is receiving proper attention just now from the capitalists and leading business men of Oregon. Hon. H. W. Corbett's contribution of $30,000 to the fund Is a mark that but few If any others can reach, but It has stimulated every publle-splrited citizen to do his best. This early Interest and action means success- EASTERN OREGON'S SUPPORT. Encouragement for the Lewis and Claris Centennial. Baker City Democrat. Tha Lewis and Clark Centennial Expo sition, .proposed to be held in Portland In 1905, may now be said to be assured. Th.' splendid patriotism and progressive spirit shown by the leading business men and bankers of Portland In putting the propo sition on Its feet has brought out the warmest enthusiasm in the Inland Em pire, and it la with pleasure that the Democrat can say the people here gener ally, and the business men without excep tion, will support the Exposition, and tne Portland men who have stepped Into the breach and have done the one thing need ful provided the funds. The liberality and public spirit of ex Senator H. W. Corbett, who headed the subscription list with $30,000, one-tenth the amount required to be raised by Portland, have added new laurels to that gentle man's already long list ot patriotic deeds. Before the books were opened to the pub lic, other live men in the metropolis step ped to the front and did the handsome thing. The $300,000 IS assured In a short time. The sare business principles and energy of Portland are proverbial throughout the land, and Oregon .will stand by Portland in this great enterprise, which more than anything else will show to the world the wonderfully rich empire saved to the. Union by Lewis and Clark. In a few years "Where Rolls the Ore gon" will be household words wherever the English language Is spoken. Thou sands will come to the Exposition and thousands will go; Oregon will live with them forever. When Portland does anything she does It right, and, as the leading city in the state and the Northwest, is entitled to take the lead in the matter. The hearty support already offered by the other Northwestern states shows that the Im portance of this event is duly appreciated and that Ihe executive ability of the men I who have taken hold of the project is fully recognixed. The Democrat pledges to the Exposition and the Portland men who are pushing It td success its undivided and constant support, and the people of the Interior can be depended upon for their faithful and hearty co-operation f-4 $1,423,204,504,212. New Yorlc Clenring-IIonsc Transac tions for 48 Years. Francis Curtis in Leslie's Weekly, fhese figures represent the total trans actions of the New York clearing-house during the 48 years of its existence, ending September 30, 1901. It is difficult to grasp tho real meaning of such a sum or money a million and a half millions a thousand and a half billions! It is more than three times the wealth ot the whole world, and would pay the world's debts 40 times over. This money, if in $1 bills ana placed lengthwise, would extend 10,689. 708,781,605 Inches, or 56,237,941 miles, and would girdle the earth 2278 times, or reach to the moon and back, even if it were 100 times farther away than its real dis tance of 238,850 miles. Or, If made Into a quilt, It would entirely cover the State of New Jersey or the State of Massachu setts. In silver dollars, placed one above an- other. It would reach 950,000 miles, or four times as high as the moon. Placed side by side, they would reach 11,400,000 miles, or 4b0 times around the earth. In gold It would make 68,954.741.375 tine ounces at the present price of $20 67 per tine ounce, or 75,633,694,500 ounces avoir dupois, or 6,304,474,542 pounds, or 3,152,237 tons. It would measure one solid block of 3,928,021 cubic feet of gold. It Is $890 per capita for the present in habitants ot the egrth, $18,510 per capita for the inhabitants of the United Stater, or $407,229 per capita for the inhabitants of New York City, where the transactions took place. Nearly two-thirds of these clearances and balances have been within the past 20 years, and nearly one-third within tlie past 10 years the transactions for 1901 being 15 times as large as 48 years ago. The clearings of New York are about two-thlfus those ot the wholo United States and twice those of London, and yet these enormous transactions are conducted without the handling of more than 2 per cent of actual money. By means of checks and credits dally balances are struck and settled, and to the absolute correctness of a cent. What engineering feat, what electrical accomplishment. What Invention of necessity or luxury can compare with It? Religions View of Sunday Saloons. New York Independent. It Is only repeating what everyone ought to know when we say that the state can properly concern itself with Sunday, not for the sake of Sunday observance, but for the sake of securing suitable rest and comfort and protection for its citizens. It must see that certain time la allowed for a holiday; the Fourth of July, Sat urday afternoon, Sunday, If Sunday be the rest day the people prefer, or Saturday or Friday, If the people prefer that. The state cannot close a saloon on Sunday because It Is a holy day, while keeping it open six other days, except as an open saloon on Sunday involves labor Interfer ing with the rest-day, or holiday (and the people have the right to make it either), or disturbs the peace. A religious rea son for closing the saloon on Sunday the state has no right to make; It can con sider only the special benefit or injury to the community of having It open on Sunday as. compared with other day3. We are now considering the saloon not as In the class with factories, whoe work must stop one day In seven to give rest and recreation to tho workers, but In the class with the bakeshops and street-cans and public parks and museums, which cost some work, but are mainly for comfort, recreation and pleasure, and which ac cordingly are open on holidays, where a few work for others' recreation or com fort. We wish the people were educated to the Cambrldgo plan of suppressing the fialoqn seven days In the weok; but if we cannot do that, we would allow It to be open at the hburs on Sundny when it te most wanted, and then closed at other hours to allow rest to Its bartenders. We would at least' get rid of the shocking evils that have grown out of the well meant Kalnts law. Wanted A Flshway. lllllsboro Argue. Inasmuch as the Willamette River and Its tributaries How through a great terri tory and provide a watershed for the commerce and production of thousands of people who pay taxes, It would appear that an effort should be made to have a successful flshway cut through the falls at Oregon City. The people at large are taxed to support fish commissioners, and if the Willamette Valley farmers want salmon they must buy them from the privileged territory. With a flshway through the falls there would be good runs of salmon In this section and up the Valley, and taxpayers certainly would not object to an occasional salmon in season without paying 10 cents per pound. An attempt has been made In the past to remedy this, but the effort was not a success for some reason or other. If the farmers of the Valley want a salmon run they would do well to see that their legislators make some move toward an open river. The expense would be very email compared to the vast benefits to be received. The Valley has been contribu ting to the lower river long enough, and it. is high time for an exchange of cour testes. A Public-Spirited Citizen. Independent Enterprise. In subscribing $30,000 for the Lewis and Clark Exposition, Mr. Corbett re-displays his philanthropic nature and the deep In terest he has always shown for the city of Portland. Expositions, as a general rule, are not great dividend-paying in vestments, but the Lewis and Clark Ex position Is being so conservatively started that It forbodes a, successful conclusion. NOTE AND COMMENT. A negro is going to be hanged In Ala bama. By due process of law, too. It Isn't much safer to be vaccinated in Philadelphia than It is to blow out the gas. If Frank James doesn't elevate the stage he ought at least to bo able to hold It up. Said Pasha Is to be the new vizier of Turkey. Is this our friend from the comic opera? Perhaps Wu didn't go to Columbia for fear they would make him referee the football games. Hon. D. B. Hill is going to reform the Democratic party. Strange that Job Wasn't Included in the labors of Hercules. It Is reported that the demand for small bills increases. Astors, however, prefer the three sheets, as a general rule. 'President Roosevelt has a new horse named Admiral. He doesn't commit himself by specifying what h his other name. If the Chicago editor who is in jail puts his time to as good use as did Bun- yan and Sir Walter Raleigh his paper will not lack for copy. Alcohol is going to be made from wine in France. This Is only fair play, as wine has been made from alcohol for a long time In thl3 country. Denmark is willing to sell us her islands, but is very cautious about driv ing the bargain. Some ono must hava been telling her about Yankee thrift. President Schwab, of the steel trust, says he gets $100,000 a year Instead of $1, 000,000. How his poor wife must have to make over her old dresses fon the children. ' President Eliot, of Harvard, insists that the school teachers spend altogether too much time trying to teath arithmetic to young children. In his Twentieth Cen tury Club he told of a naughty boy who was told by his mother that he must cither do as she told him or leave the room. Tho boy thought fop a moment and then remarked, "That's fair." "I would give more for that Judicial com ment for Its effect on the boy'.s later life," said President Eliot, "than for any amount of accurate figuring." Under ordinary conditions, according to tho recent calculations of a German sci entist, the whole amount of blood In. the body passes through the heart In thirty two beats. In a man of 170 pounds there are about thirteen pounds of blood, which passes through his heart two and a quar ter times a minute. Estimating the flow at thirty pounds to tho minute, we have 18S0 pounds an hour and 43,200 pounds a day passing through this human pump. Expressed In mechanical energy the work done In, a day is equivalent to 640,000 foot pounds, or Just as much work as would be done by President Roosevelt making an ascent of Mount Marcy. A writer On the fashions said in 1792: "Two yards of black ribbon for the shoes and an equal quantity for the knees are used instead of buckles. The breeches are very tight. Two watch chains and trink ets are worn. The hair is powdered, pasted and perfumed. The enpe is of a different color from the coat. Muslin and cambric are worn about the neck, and the centeel beau is particularly genteel uwhen he wears a tamboured shirt." A tamboured shirt, it may he well to ex plain, was simply an embroidered one. A tambour was a round frame like a tambourine without a head upon which silks and muslins were stretched to be embroidered. "A bulldog's strength," said a young athlete recently, "is tho greatest thing in the world. I was up at the club the -other night, and there was In the gymnasium a white bulldog named Lew. Lew was muz zled, and they were heaving a twelve pound medicine ball at him. It would strike him hard enough to stun an aver age man. but he would Just roll over and over from the blow, and then Jump up, perfectly fresh, and race after the ball as hard as he could tear. He would knock headforemost Into posts and pillars; you would think he'd break his skull; but those crashes feazed him no more than the pat of a lady's hand. They took his muzzle off finally and rolled a fifty pound dumb-bell at him. He took the dumb bell In his mouth and nobody could catch him. Ho rushed about, circling and dodging, as though he carried nothing, but you could see the muacles standing out all over his beautiful, white, hard body. He only weighs fifty-three pounds." i PLEASANTRIES OF PARAGRAPHERS She You don't know what it is to love. 'I don't eh? Haven't 1 been to every play, read every popular novel In the last six months, got into debt hopelessly, had my appendix re moved, and all for your Bake?" Life. Tho Smuggler's Outlook. Dabbs An artist needs some high ambition to keep his art-fervor alive. Daubs-Oh, well: maybe our pic tures will get worked up Into soap advertise ments some of these days.-Detrolt Free Press. Cenrad That article or yours In the Comet Is awfully long. Nobody will ever read It through. Benedict It wasn't written to be read. Conrad What was it written for, then? Benedict For $10 a column. Boston Tran script. No Heroics. She (eagerly) And what did papa say when you asked him for moT He Consented at once. She Glorious! He Oh, I don't know; he might at least have given me an opportunity to tell him that I'd marry jcu even though we had to elope. Ohio State Jour nal. It Stands. "The death of LI Hung Chang had been retorted so often that I didn't believe It this time until the news had been con firmed." remarked the Observant Boarder. "Oh. this time his death proved fatal," declared the Cross-Eyed Boarder. Pittsburg Chronicle-Telegraph. Desolation. "Well." remarked Noah, thoughtfully, as he looked out over tho waste of water. "It will be pretty lonely when we get ashore." "Yes," answered Japhet; "there won't be enough of the neighbors left to get up a court of Inquiry and prove that we didn't Know how to run the ship." Washington Star. Tho Real Peril. Sympathizing Friend It must be a terrible thing to have one's boy so far away from home and to feel that his life Is In danger every day. I can Imagine Just how It must seem to you. Tearful Mother Oh. It's not the son that's In the Philippines I'm so uneasy about. It's Dicky. He's Joined the college football team. Chicago Tribune. Who? William Cleaver Wilkinson, in The Critic Pulpit extravaganzlst uncontrolled. As heady as a wild ass racing free And snuffing up the wind! So, scorning he Pathways by other footstep beaten, bold. Through tracklesa regions, over mountains old, He ranges where his own far footsteps flee All following, since no mortal eye can see How they to any clear direction hold! But there at least he thunders on In tread As masterful as wayvard. and no less Unweariable. And, strange thing to be said, This wlld-ass ranger of the wilderness From each excursion brings some gospel bread tvkorawlth tha aranlnr. hungering soul to bless!